Optimization of Signal Timing for the Contraflow Left-Turn Lane at Signalized Intersections Based on Delay Analysis

The exit-lanes for a left-turn (EFL) is an unconventional method of organizing traffic left-turns at signalized intersections. In this paper, we propose nonlinear optimization model to minimize delay by establishing delay-time diagram the when non-oversaturated, considering relationship between pre-signal start node and queuing dissipation time vehicles. Model validation performed with example calculations compare analyze each operating index fleet type after signal timing intersection lane borrowing lanes. results show that compared conventional lane, average vehicles decreased 15.7%, exhaust emission 11.4%, capacity increased 65.7%. can support EFL design, where control related queue time. practice, well-designed scheme based on volume improve reduce emissions while minimizing vehicle delays.